Spanish Open dictionary by Felipe Lorenzo del Río

melasma

  37

Dermatologists also call it chloasma, cloth or pregnancy mask. It derives from the Greek melaina melaina melan, black, dark. Darkening of the skin in some areas of the body especially those most exposed to sun such as the face or hands in the form of brown spots caused by an excess of melanin, pigment secreted by melanocytes as protection against solar radiation. The causes can be multiple but genetics is also important.

  

qiyan

  38

Similar al-Indalus singing slaves in their artistic and intellectual preparation to Japanese geisha or Greek hetairas. Courtesans expert in singing and musical composition, in literature and history, in drawing and calligraphy and in the performing arts as a realization of chinese shadows. There were training centers in Basra, Medina and Baghdad, then also in Cordoba.

  

principio de bernoulli

  41

Also equation, theorem or trinomial of Bernoulli, Swiss mathematician and physicist, although born in Groninga, eighteenth century. It expresses that in fluid dynamics the energy of an ideal fluid (which does not exchange it with the outside) in current line remains constant. In Aerodynamics explains the relationship between speed and pressure. The faster an airplane weighs less.

  

tragantía

  41

Legend of the castle of La Yedra in Cazorla (Jaén) of a Moorish princess hidden in the dungeons by her father in the face of the attack of the Christians who ended up eliminating their enemies. Alone, terrified of cold and forgotten, she ended up becoming a snake. On the night of St. John you can hear her singing in sweet voice : "I am the swallowing/ , daughter of the Moorish king. / Whoever hears me sing/ will not see the light of day."

  

cálato

  55

Technicality of art and archaeology of the Greek kalathos, basket, basket used by the Greeks for flowers or fruits. In architecture played as a crown-basket of some caryatics. Also mediterranean ceramic vessels in a conical shape used to transport honey, garo, oil or nuts in ancient times. The Iberian calates of the Ebro basin are usually shaped like a top hat although those before the 3rd century a. D. C. have a slimt neck.

  

jansenismo

  41

Heretical Christian doctrine inspired by St. Augustine of Hippo and initiated by the Flemish bishop Cornelius Jansen in the seventeenth century that defended predestination only dependent on god's will without free will against what was defended by the Society of Jesus, the authority of bishops in the face of papal power and a rigorous spirituality of austerity and asceticism.

  

analepsia

  39

From Greek analepsis, restoration, recovery, recovery action, to take again, from ana- , again and lambano, take. In medicine, convalescence, recovery of forces or health after any illness or situation of weakness. Also retrospective scene, what the English call flashback, literary or cinematic technique that interrupts the timeline and rolls it back to the past.

  

choque insulínico

  58

Insulin shock : Shock treatment of schizophrenia devised and used by Austrian psychiatrist Manfred Sakel in the 1930s and 1940s in which large doses of insulin were given to the patient until seizures and a transient hypoglycaemic coma were administered to the patient. After World War II insulin was replaced by cardiozole or metrazol, an analeptic substance obtained in the laboratory, similar to camphor, which also caused strong seizures frequently attenuated by curare. Electroshock also began to be used as the film "Someone flew over the cuckoo's nest" has shown.

  

igabrum

  40

That's what the Romans called from the 2nd century a. D. C. to the Turdetan oppidum of Licabrum heir of Tartessos, which corresponds to the present Cordoba city of Cabra, whose gentile is therefore egabrense, as our Dictionary notes. In the 1960s, during our dictatorship, Minister José Solís, a natural of Cabra, defended in a parliamentary speech : Less Latin and more sport! Because what's Latin for now? To which Adolfo Muñoz Alonso replied from his seat that he was later rector of the Complutense University : Suddenly, Mr. Minister, so that the honourable Member, who was born in Cabra, may be called egabrense and not something else.

  

holanda

  41

Holland , name of two of the provinces of Nederland, netherland, Netherlands. Until 2020 this name was also used to refer to the whole state, taking the part at all. The Dutch have decided this year to be officially called Nederland, NL, Netherlands. Although we will probably keep talking about Holland and the Dutch language and Gentile, the official thing, from now on, will be to talk about Nederland and Dutch and the Dutch.

  

mirobálano

  59

From Greek myron, perfume, scented essence and bálanos, acorn : scented plum-cherry. It is a very abundant garden tree in my neighborhood. It is known by many names such as plum-cherry, garden plum, red plum, mirobolane plum, pissard cherry, prunus cerasifera. It catches the eye because in spring it is loaded with pink flowers. Then its leaves turn purple-red the same as its fruits that are edible.

  

merónimo - holónimo

  36

Technical semantic terms derived from Greek : Groupers, part, portion, holos, all integer and onoma, name. Words whose meaning is in a relationship of the part to the whole. The group designates some realities of the namesake but not all, therefore its semantic field is more restricted. The unimo can be a set, group, system, community, organ, matter, anything constituted of parts.

  

hiperónimo

  66

Technicality of the semantics of Greek etymology, hyper, envelope, above and onomatous onoma, name. Logical-linguistic category that includes within itself others of a lower hierarchical order. When we classify reality we tend to sort it descending from the general or universal to the particular as logicists or botanists do in their taxonomies. The terms above are hyperonycons compared to those below that are hyponimos, (from hypo, below). In the scientific nomenclature of botanists, for example, the generic name is hyperonym and the specific hyponym.

  

kalokagathia

  62

Greek term, fusion of kalós kai agathós, beautiful and good, the ideal of physical and moral perfection. For Plato the kalokagathós was the philosopher, the lover of knowledge, the possessor of the areté. At Aristotle it has a sense of excellence, nobility and happiness. Herodotus and other authors also include the courage, bravery and loyalty of the soldier.

  

kalendas

  38

In Latin kalendae, the kalendas, the first day of each month, of the verb lime and the Greek kaleo, call, summon, announce. On this day the Pontifex Maximus announced to the people the date of the Nonas and the debt collectors called the debtors by name.

  

gambito

  32

As our Dictionary says the word comes from the Italian gambetto and sgambetto, stilt, (fare lo sgambetto , put the stilt, dare il gambetto, set a trap), diminutive of prawn, leg. The term was introduced in the sixteenth century by the Spanish humanist priest and chess player Rodrigo López de Segura in his Book of Invention and Art of the Game of Chess as an opening of this game in which some piece is exhibited to gain advantages. In today's world of chess there are many types of gambit. The most common is that of a lady.

  

glucólisis

  25

Also glycolysis, from Greek glykys, sweet taste and lysis, action of unleashing, dissolution : sugar rupture. It is a biochemical process that living cells perform in their cytoplasm (mitochondria) to feed by breaking down glucose molecules that result in other molecules of ethanol, CO2 and ATP (adenosine triphosphate). The latter is what they are looking for to feed themselves, the rest are undone. However in the fermentation of the wine that the yeasts ( saccharomyces serevisiae ) what we are interested in is the disposal of ethanol.

  

tercias reales

  38

Also decimal tertiary, which I see that controls our Open Dictionary, the ninth, income that the Church bested to the Crown since the thirteenth century, consisting of two ninth of the tithes it collected from the peasants from the tenth century with the repopulation north of the Douro. Alexander VI granted the Catholic Monarchs definitively this right of the two ninths.

  

alodio

  66

From medieval Latin allodium and east of the ancient Saxon all-od, heritage, wealth. System of ownership of the Old Regime proper to royals or jurisdictional domains directly dependent on the king, in which the owner had direct and use domain over the territories and therefore had no stately burdens but only with the king.

  

alboroque

  36

Arabism, al-buruk, commission or percentage received by the intermediary of a sale. Garlic or gift in compensation for any service.

  

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