YIDDISH I just want to polish a little what furoya and Danilo described. First, to say that there is an Althochdeutsch, a Mittelhochdeutsch and a Neuhochdeutsch, i.e. a three-stage evolution of High German or that I would translate as learned German, as opposed to Vulgar German. From what I have heard, and since I understand everything without ever having studied YIDDISH, I could assure that it derives from Neuhochdeutsch, that is, from modern German. Secondly, YIDDISH is not a language spoken by German Jews typically, but was spoken transversally throughout Europe, as it was how business was done with Hungarians, Croats, Yugoslavs, Bulgarians, Romanians and probably Swedes, Norwegians and Danes, whose languages were not widely disseminated outside their countries. Therefore, it is correct to say German Jew only if we refer to language, but not to nationality For example, in Vienna more YIDDISH was spoken than anywhere in Germany, since most of the Viennese were Jews. The same thing probably happened in Thessaloniki, Greece, a very important center of European trade and where almost all were Jews. It should be remembered that English was not an international language at the time of the independence of the United States. Moreover, it was discussed at the time in the Us Congress whether German could be the official language of the country, which did not prosper.