GALEN English name of Claudius Galenus ( September 129 c . 216), a Greek philosopher and surgeon during the Roman Empire. Considered one of the most accomplished of all the medical researchers of antiquity, Galen influenced the development of several disciplines, including anatomy, physiology, pathology, pharmacology, and neurology, as well as philosophy and logic. 2 . Galen, New York, a town in Wayne County, New York, United States 3 . Galen, small lunar impact crater. 4 . Galen, fictional character in the science fiction television series Babylon 5