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"Fauna" . From the Latin Fauna, an ancient Roman deity who represented fertility, chastity and health. According to the different mythological versions, she was the wife or daughter of Faunus (from the Latin Faunus), demigod of the fields and forests, protector of the flocks, whom she made more fertile and defended them from the attacks of vermin. 1 . A group of animal species that inhabit a geographical region in a given geological period.